A cidade que virou casa: considerações sobre o brincar livre e espontâneo durante o período de isolamento social de 2020 / The city that became home: considerations on free and spontaneous play during the 2020 social isolation period / La ciudad que se convirtió en casa: consideraciones sobre el juego libre y espontáneo durante el período de aislamiento social 2020

Em março de 2020 estávamos nas ruas das cidades observando o brincar livre e espontâneo de crianças em espaços diversos, quando fomos surpreendidos pela pandemia global do novo coronavírus. Medidas variadas de isolamento social foram implementadas. Neste cenário, passamos a indagar sobre como estaria o brincar livre e espontâneo dentro das residências de famílias isoladas. Por meio do olhar fenomenológico, passamos a buscar formas de nos aproximarmos da experiência vivida das crianças de maneira remota e por intermédio de seus responsáveis. Dialogamos com 55 famílias em quatro meses. Percebemos que investigar o brincar durante o isolamento social é investigar um fenômeno que acontece dentro de casa em outros momentos, porém no período de isolamento, com tempos mais amplos e com menos restrições de acesso a objetos e cômodos. Em diálogo com autores da área, evidenciam-se provocações que diferentes cômodos engendraram nas crianças a partir do brincar livre e espontâneo. (AU)

In March 2020 we were on the streets of cities observing the free and spontaneous play of children in different spaces, when we were surprised by the global pandemic of the novel coronavirus. Various measures of isolation and social distancing were implemented. In this new scenario, we started to ask ourselves about what free and spontaneous play would be like inside the homes of isolated families. Through the phenomenological perspective, we started to look for ways to approach the lived experience of children remotely and through their guardians. We followed 55 isolated families for four months. We realized that investigating playing during social isolation allowed the approximation of a phenomenon that happens inside the house at other times, but with longer times and with fewer restrictions on access to objects and rooms. In dialogue with authors in the area, the provocations that the different rooms engendered in children from free and spontaneous play are evident. (AU)

En marzo de 2020 estábamos en las calles de las ciudades observando el juego libre y espontáneo de los niños en diferentes espacios, cuando nos sorprendió la pandemia global del nuevo coronavirus. Se implementaron diversas medidas de aislamiento y distanciamiento social. En este escenario, comenzamos a preguntarnos cómo sería el juego libre y espontáneo dentro de las residencias de familias aisladas. A través de la mirada fenomenológica, comenzamos a buscar formas de acercarnos a la experiencia vivida de los niños de forma remota y a través de sus responsables. Dialogamos con 55 familias a lo largo de cuatro meses. Nos dimos cuenta de que investigar el juego durante el aislamiento social correspondía a investigar un fenómeno que ocurre dentro de las casas en otros momentos, sin embargo, en el periodo de aislamiento, con tiempos más largos y con menos restricciones de acceso a objetos y habitaciones. En diálogo con autores de ese campo, se evidencian las provocaciones que los distintos espacios de la casa generaron en los niños a partir del juego libre y espontáneo. (AU)

Conceitos importantes sobre o dente canino / Important aspects of canine tooth

A Odontologia Restauradora é fundamentada numa tríade: função, biologia e estética. Muitas vezes, durante o planejamento estético, nos preocupamos com a forma, harmonia, coesão facial, cor e posição principalmente dos dentes Incisivos centrais e laterais. O canino é um dente muito importante também para todos esses efeitos e responsável pela curvatura do sorriso, dando o início do efeito paralaxe do corredor bucal. O mau posicionamento desse dente no arco pode comprometer a estética e função, afetando principalmente a guia canina. É importante lembrar que esse dente protege mutualmente o arco dentário anterior e posterior e alguns conceitos são importantes para estabelecer sua forma correta e sua posição ideal na arcada.

Restorative dentistry is based on the triad: function, aesthetics, and biology. During treatment planning, we often care about shape, facial harmony, color and position, especially when it comes to central and lateral incisors. however the canine teeth is also very important since impact all these factors. In addition canine teeth are also responsible for the curvature of the smile, initiating the buccal corridor. Poor positioning of the canines may compromise both aesthetic and function, with great impact over canine guidance. It is important to notice that this tooth protects the maxillary and mandibular arches, and some aspects must be observed in order to achieve its proper shape and position.

Ilusão / Ilusion

A Odontologia Restauradora e a Protése devem satisfazer as exigências estéticas do paciente e contribuir para a saúde gengival e articular (oclusão). Para tanto, muitas vezes nos deparamos com desproporções dentoalveolares, maus posicionamentos, desvios de longo-eixo, inclinações axiais desfavoráveis, presenças de diastemas, etc. Para criar a percepção ilusória de dimensões e rotações diferentes das reais, podem ser utilizados artifícios ópticos dentro dos limites de tolerância visual. Esses artifícios vão desde o trabalho com a estratificação das cores utilizadas na restauração/prótese ao planejamento adequado da área plana (ou reflexiva), ângulos incisais, área de transição, linhas de brilho, textura, pontos de con-tatos proximais, etc. Este artigo aborda alguns princípios que podemos utilizar para alterar a percepção ilusória de um dente, aproveitando-se de fenômenos ópticos na superfície do esmalte.

Restorative dentistry and dental prosthesis must meet patients' aesthetic expectations and preserve gingival and articular health. In such circumstances it is common to observe dentoalveolar disproportion, poorly positioned teeth, large, deviations of the long axis, unfa-vorable axial inclination, diastema, etc. In order to create the illusion of different dimension and rotations, optical resources can be applied respecting visual tolerance limits. These resources range from the stratification of the colors used on the restoration/prostheses to proper planning of reflexive area, incisal angles, transition areas, texture, brightness, texture and proximal contact points. The present study approaches some principles that may be used in order to improve dental appearance through optical resources over enamel surface

Bonding performance of a self-adhering flowable composite to indirect restorative materials

Introduction: Simplified restorative materials may be a logical next step for dental manufacturers. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of a self-adhering flowable composite to four substrates used in indirect technique. Material and methods: Twenty-four samples (5 mm wide, 15 mm length and 2 mm thick / six blocks each substrate) were prepared in the dental prosthetic laboratory. The following materials were used: ceromer (SR Adoro/AD, Ivoclar Vivadent), leucite ceramic (IPS Empress Esthetic/EE, Ivoclar Vivadent), zirconia ceramic (ZirCAD/ZI, Ivoclar Vivadent); metal ceramic alloy (Fit Cast SB/ME, Talladium do Brasil). Samples of each substrate were divided into two groups (n = 3). Two flowable composites (Control/FF - Filtek Z350 XT Flow/3M ESPE, and the self-adhering/DF - Dyad Flow/Kerr) were bonded to the four substrates. Four Tygon tubings were positioned over each sample, which were filled in with the composites FF and DF, and visible light-cured for 20 s. The tubings were removed to expose the specimens (12 per group) in format of cylinders and samples were stored in distilled water at 37±2°C for one week. After this period, each sample was attached to testing machine and the specimens were submitted to the shear bond strength test at speed of 1.0 mm/min, until failure. The results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: The means (SD) were (in MPa): AD + FF = 34.4 ± 4.9; AD + DF = 28.2 ± 4.2; EE + FF = 29.7 ± 5.8; EE + DF = 32.3 ± 6.9; ZI + FF = 23.2 ± 5.4; ZI + DF = 8.5 ± 1.5; ME + FF = 28.9 ± 4.2; ME + DF = 31.7 ± 4.5. Conclusion: The efficacy of flowable composites is material-dependent. The self-adhering composite provided lower bond strength only to zirconia ceramic. Comparing with the control group, Dyad Flow showed lower bond strength to the ceromer and zirconia ceramic.

Bond strength of resin cements to leucite-reinforced ceramics

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of two resin cements to four leucite-reinforced ceramics. Material and methods: Forty ceramic blocks (4 mm wide, 14 mm length and 2 mm thick) were used and the samples abraded with aluminum oxide (90 µm). The samples were divided into eight groups (n = 5). Two resin cements (conventional RelyX ARC and self-adhesive RelyX U100 - 3M ESPE) were bonded to Creapress (CRE-Creation/Klema), Finesse All-Ceramic (FIN-Dentsply/ Ceramco), IPS Empress Esthetic (IEE-Ivoclar Vivadent) and Vita PM9 (PM9-Vita). For all groups and in each ceramic block, after application of 10% hydrofluoric acid and silanation, three Tygon tubings were positioned over the ceramics, which were filled in with the resin cements (light-cure for 40 s). The tubings were removed to expose the specimens in format of cylinders (area: 0.38 mm2) and samples were stored in relative humidity at 24±2 °C for one week. After this period, each sample was attached to testing machine and the specimens were submitted to shear bond test (applied at the base of the specimen/cement cylinder with a thin wire/0.2 mm) at speed of 0.5 mm/ min, until failure. The results were analyzed by two-wayANOVA (resin cements and ceramic systems) and Tukey test (p<0.05). Results: The means (SD) were (in MPa): ARC + CRE = 32.1±4.3; ARC + FIN = 28.3±3.7; ARC + IEE = 25.9±4.4; ARC + PM9 = 22.2±2.1; U100 + CRE = 38.0±5.2; U100 + FIN = 36.9±2.8; U100 + IEE = 38.4±2.9; U100 + PM9 = 34.3 ±7.3. U100 showed higher SBS to ceramics than ARC. U100 had higher SBS when applied on IEE ceramic than on PM9. For ARC, SBS obtained with CRE was higher than with IEE and PM9. Conclusion: RelyX U100 can provide higher SBS to leucite-reinforced ceramics than conventional resin cement. The resin cements applied on the PM9 ceramic surface resulted in lower SBS.